2" Cystoid (Holocystites) Fossil - Indiana

This is a nice example of the Silurian aged cystoid, Holocystites from the Osgood Shale of Indiana. Cystoid are an extinct echinoderm (same Phylum as starfish, urchins, etc) that attached themselves to the see floor by stalks. This specimen is fairly 3D and free of the surrounding rock.

Cystoids are extinct echinoderms similar to crinoids. They consist of a stalk, theca (body), and brachials (feeding arms). Most lived fixed to the seafloor, but some were more mobile. Like modern echinoderms, cystoids were arranged in a fivefold symmetric pattern and had a water vascular system. However, unlike most echinoderms, cystoids had triangular calcite plates at their body openings containing pores that are thought to have been for breathing.

Cystoids first appear in the Cambrian Period and reached peak diversity during the Ordivician and Silurian Periods. Cystoids died out at the end of the Devonian or early in the Carboniferous Period.

Cystoids resembled flowers, but were in fact animals. They had a stem that attached them to the seafloor, a theca, and brachials. The theca contained the cystoid's vital organs and was made up of calcite plates that formed a spherical or ovate body. The brachials were the feeding arms that extended from the top of the theca, arranged in three- or five-fold symmetry, and funneled food to the mouth at their center. Cystoids and crinoids look similar but have some distinct differences. The main difference is in the shape of the main body of the organisms: cystoids had a spherical or ovate theca, while crinoids had a cup shaped calyx. Cystoids also had triangular plates at body openings while crinoids had variably shaped plates.
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DETAILS
SPECIES
Holocystites sp.
LOCATION
Napolean, Indiana
FORMATION
Osgood Shale
SIZE
2" long
CATEGORY
SUB CATEGORY
ITEM
#61964
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